A new and large-scale trend of severe movement disorders has emerged in the United States and Canada, driven by the use of illicit synthetic opioids like fentanyl, often combined with methamphetamines or the veterinary sedative xylazine ("tranq"). Affected individuals frequently present with distinct, marked forward truncal and neck flexion while standing—postural abnormalities colloquially termed the "heroin hunch" or "fentanyl fold". While these abnormal, bent postures are

Understanding "Spice"-Induced Psychosis: A New Clinical Frontier Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs), often sold under street names like "Spice" or "K2," have become a global public health concern due to their potent and often unpredictable psychiatric effects. Unlike natural cannabis, these laboratory-engineered molecules bind to brain receptors with much higher affinity, frequently triggering acute psychotic episodes characterized by severe agitation, aggression

Methamphetamine use has emerged as a global public health crisis, second only to cannabis in its prevalence of abuse. While the drug is well-known for its stimulant properties on the central nervous system, its devastating impact on the heart—specifically methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy (MAC)—is increasingly reported yet remains under-studied. Clinically, MAC often presents as dilated cardiomyopathy, characterized by enlarged cardiac chambers and a severely reduced

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented surge in alcohol consumption, leading to a significant rise in hospitalizations for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) . For patients admitted to general hospitals, the sudden interruption of alcohol intake creates an iatrogenic risk for withdrawal, which can range from mild anxiety and tremors to life-threatening conditions like seizures and delirium tremens . Effective management begins with universal screening using validate